Glutamine apparently repairs and soothes the lining of the digestive system. Drinking warm water in the morning Guinea-Bissau Many anti-inflammatory foods and supplements which protect the stomach against acute injury in the short-term may actually slow down the healing process in the long-term. Thank you and good luck. Philippines Only the inner bark of . PPI use with reflux is tricky. First, we did ultrasound scanning on the whole abdomen and there were 2 small polips in my gall bladder which needs to be tracked every year but nothing to do with my stomach issue. Subjects who took formula two experienced a 20 percent increase in bowel movement frequency and significant reductions in straining, abdominal pain, bloating and global IBS symptom severity, as well as improvements in stool consistency. The doctor gave me same prescription. Prior to remission, I used to take it with every meal.Hope this helps. Uzbekistan Sao Tome and Principe Measure liquid forms carefully. Haiti Djibouti By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Do you struggle with constipation, diarrhea or other digestive issues? Slippery elm is a medium-sized tree native to North America that contains bark that is used to make supplements and medicine. Im still abstaining from alcohol except for a sip here and there, and the only coffee Im drinking is a low-acid decaf variety (from Healthwiseits not bad). And NDs can be amazing. This is due to the potential coating effect of mucilage, a gel-like substance. Cookie Notice Pitcairn She recommended that I drink some slippery elm in hot water every night before going to sleep. AI Gone Wild Should AI Be Allowed in Art? I added probiotics and kept eating probiotic foods, though Im not sure they helped. The one remaining symptom is heat or coolness around my sides or back if I go too long without food or eat very acidic or very spicy foods. (Disclaimer: I have no medical background, I am not trying to sell any product, I simply want to share my recent positive experience in case it could give some relief to a fellow IBS sufferer.). At that point Id done so much reading on ulcers, gastritis, h. pylori, acid-blocking medications, and prostaglandins that I felt I possibly knew more than my doctor on that particular topic. Ive been off all meds for about six weeks, and Ive started a few new supplements that have been really helpful. I wonder how you will / plan to / have handled that. Australia San Marino Allow the lozenges to harden in the freezer. Though more studies need to be conducted, slippery elm when combined with certain herbs such as burdock root, Indian rhubarb and sheep sorrel (which together form the supplement called Essiac) may improve conditions for women with breast cancer and improve depression, anxiety and fatigue. The fresh inner bark can be used in place of, or along with, other natural laxatives. Because it has immune-boosting benefits and anti-inflammatory effects, it may help relieve pain associated with breast cancer. DGL licorice in capsules (I didnt like the additives/flavorings/sweeteners in any of the available chewable types) helped soothe my GERD somewhat, especially in the beginning, especially when Id break open the capsule and swirl around the licorice in my mouth before swallowing (which is recommended to do for soothing the esophagus etc.) Saint Martin People use the inner bark for medicinal purposes. Any suggestions as after two weeks I have not seen a lot of improvement. https://www.swansonvitamins.com/swanson-ultra-zinc-carnosine-pepzin-gi-60-caps One other thing I triedand I have no idea if this is total nonsense or has had any effect, since I tried it in combination with everything elseis this exercise to heal a hiatal hernia (in case thats a factor): https://www.drdavidwilliams.com/how-to-fix-hiatal-hernia-naturally. American Samoa Tonga One the one hand it protects the esophagus and relieves pain, but stomach acid may also be required for proper function of the LES. It is great that you are sharing your experience in treating this injury. British Indian Ocean Territory And thank you for all your thoughtful, thorough research and personal experimentation, and sharing your results with us!! Costa Rica Macao I spent 7-8 months in pain while on Mauritius Slippery elm comes in several forms and dose sizes. This was the point of no return. I recently had a gastritis attack so painful in my stomach n in my back couldnt even sleep so I called my doc rite away he said to take charco (made frm charcoal) rite away it took like 2 hrs cause I was already in pain then it finally worked had too continue pills for 4 days straight twice a day 2 pills till I felt better n it worked felt back too myself he also said certain fruit,broccoli n avocado which seals n heals stomach. I wouldnt recommend this for GERD sufferers. This mucilage coats and soothes the mouth, throat, stomach and intestines, making it ideal for sore throats, coughs, gastroesophageal reflux diseases, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diverticulitis and diarrhea. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. It contains lots of mucilage like pscillium seed husk and it messes with the absorption rate of medication. All rights reserved. To prevent drug interactions, it may be best to take slippery elm two hours before or after other herbs or medications you may be taking. Gibraltar Marshmallow root, Althaea officinalis, has a long history of use in traditional medicine, especially for coughs and digestive issues. (Roe vs. Wade), How Im Using My Distance Vision (through time, in life), Powered by WordPress & Theme by Anders Norn, Join my Patreon for full access to posts and exclusive stories, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Medium-Term Scenarios for Humanity (100-1000 Years), increase gastric PGE2 expression in human subjects, a low-acid diet combined with PPIs for a couple months can heal gastritis, production and recycling of bile from the gallbladder, Eyes On The Prize: My Current Vision for a Messy Utopia. For the past few months Ive been dealing with gastritis and gastric pain, which has put a real dent in my mood, productivity, and general quality of life. Joo, Y.-E. (2014). Formally known as Ulmus rubra (or fulva), its name stems from the fact that the bark consists of mucilage, which, when mixed with water, creates a slick, mucus-y-like substance. Posted 3/7/2012 4:43 AM (GMT -8) . Malawi Despite its growing popularity, however, there is limited scientific evidence to support the reported benefits of slippery elm. Slippery elm has been used for centuries as a natural remedy for various ailments, including digestive issues such as irritable bowel syndrome and heartburn. Chad And slippery elm too, as long as you're not sensitive to oxalates. Jersey Russia I did try the herbal capsules but not as good. In a 2014 review, the researcher stated that slippery. If it did work, would you update your doctor with the successful treatment, to close loop on your treatment and perhaps inform her for a future patient? Doing so can result in night time vomiting and discomfort in the abdomen, in some cases. The regimented supplementation program included daily supplementation with a one green drink, as well as a cleanse supplementation containing slippery elm plus other herbs and minerals. i will save this info for friends in like circumstances. Bolivia This herb packs a powerful medicinal punch! South Africa Albania I wrote about some other supplements that helped me in this post: Benin Finally what worked for me was long fasts, 5 days fasts helped me recover very quickly, the first one helped a lot, with the second one a month after the symptomssymptom nearly disappeared, some omeprazol and I can take my coffee with no issues, I expect to do another lomg fast very soon. Tapering helped prevent the PPI acid rebound I experienced the first time Id used omeprazole. United States Ethiopia Instead, a person caring for an open wound should take the following steps: Learn more about how to safely care for an open wound here. She said it always really helped her after being exposed to triggers like gluten or dairy. Ill probably loop back with my doctor when Im fully better (or if I get worse). South Sudan Comoros Falkland Islands This article is based on scientific evidence, written by experts and fact checked by our trained editorial staff. Its even been used to heal wounds, relieve the flu or common cold, treat infected and swollen glands, and to wash and heal sore eyes. Guernsey However, not all the potential uses are well studied. Reunion Most nights I sleep pretty well. I too think that my gastritis started with a bout of the stomach bug or food poisoning. These may include: Learn about home remedies for upper respiratory infections here. Honduras Hope this gives you some ideas. My understanding of H2 blockers is that if you use them for more than a few days, your stomach will try to compensate by trying to produce more acid (thus the rebound when you stop). Place the Manuka honey in the fridge for at least 30 minutes to chill. Rwanda It was water and variety of herbal teas in my life mostly green tea, ginger, chamomile and linden. What is the latest research on the form of cancer Jimmy Carter has? I went to the grocery store, the library, took long walks, and I never had to rush home because of tummy issues. The doctor prescribed a PPI but I am very reluctant to take it. Other uses not proven with research have included cancer, infections, irritable bowel syndrome, cough, diarrhea, constipation, hemorrhoids and others. Unfortunately, twenty-four hours had passed. If you can I think it's wise to stay off the PPIs unless you have a bleeding ulcer or serious erosions. The more acute symptoms resolved after a few weeks, but despite dietary changes (giving up coffee, booze, and spicy food), I was left with nagging gastric pain. Despite having good reasons to take them (and for which my doctors have advised me to take them), because of the damage they do to the digestive system, I havent taken any NSAIDS or other painkillers in about 2 years since I first developed GERD. British Virgin Islands Slovakia Time to see the doc. The risk, therefore is anemia- which is chronic in many elderly, Hey, JD! Republic of the Congo Slippery elm can also stimulate the intestines to produce mucus. Mongolia Tajikistan Im curious because Im healing from gastritis. Im going through reactive gastritis as well, Ive actually had very low-grade chronic inflammation in my stomach for 2 years, when it flares up and goes away very quickly, but after a month of constant drinking very hot tea with half-and-half it escalated to something way worse. I hope you have a swift and full recovery. Nutritional supplements containing digestiveenzymesthat were intended to facilitate digestion, reduce cholesterol levels, increase metabolic rate and mediate inflammatory processes were consumed 30 minutes before each meal. D-limonene is helpful for some as a coating/protective agent. Azerbaijan New research has found that nutrients obtained from food, not supplements, correlate with lower risks of all-cause mortality and cancer. This means that it is capable of soothing the lining of the stomach and. Dr. Bindiya Gandhi is an American Board Family Medicinecertified physician who completed her family medicine training at Georgia Regents University/Medical College of Georgia. Though that could have been a cause of the stomach issues as much as an effect. Belgium https://www.amazon.com/Biotics-Research-Gastrazyme-Tablets/dp/B00FK6RIDQ/, 2 caps zinc carnosine or 1 cap Stomach Defense Essentials with meals (3 times/day for a week, then tapering to twice/day) Mayotte It was smaller than American elm, attaining heights of 60 to 70 feet and diameters of 1-1/2 to 2-1/2 feet. I took 1000mg of mastic gum on an empty stomach each morning for one month. The stomach needs the inflammatory prostaglandin PGE2 and enzyme COX-2 to heal, as well as the angiogenesis process to rebuild injured tissue. The pain was rarely severe, but it was constant enough to be distracting. Luxembourg Guinea My diet had previously been very low in this essential fatty acid, which is a precursor to prostaglandin E2 (which protects and rebuilds the stomach lining). I try taking supplements like Slippery Elm and Propolis powder on empty stomach before bed, because if I take them even a couple hours before a meal they tend to suppress my stomach acid so much that I get severe indigestion and heartburn. Algeria Barbados Before adding this herb to your diet or natural remedy regimen, there are a couple other points to consider. Cocos Islands Also, for one week, I ate a couple cloves of raw garlic each day (chop up finely, let sit for 10 minutes for allicin to form, then mix with a little water or milk and swallow without chewing, with food). I tried a number of natural remedies (including turmeric and black seed, both of which have traditionally been used to treat gastritis and ulcers), but nothing was helping much. https://www.drdavidwilliams.com/how-to-fix-hiatal-hernia-naturally, https://www.swansonvitamins.com/swanson-probiotics-saccharomyces-boulardii-30-veg-drcaps, https://www.swansonvitamins.com/enzymatic-therapy-acid-ease-180-veg-caps, https://www.amazon.com/Biotics-Research-Gastrazyme-Tablets/dp/B00FK6RIDQ/, https://www.swansonvitamins.com/swanson-ultra-zinc-carnosine-pepzin-gi-60-caps, https://www.swansonvitamins.com/swanson-condition-specific-formulas-stomach-defense-essentials-60-veg-caps, http://www.menshealthpro.org/gamma-oryzanol-the-ulcer-healer.html, https://www.jdmoyer.com/2021/06/06/gastritis-healing-protocol/, https://www.jdmoyer.com/2019/01/15/no-more-fish-oil/. Suriname My doctors GP and specialists pushed acid-reducing medication but I refused to take it just so many bad effects it can have. Bouvet Island Liberia How My Relationship with Making Music Has Changed, What Is Civilization? Isle of Man Equatorial Guinea However, no studies have examined the exact effects of slippery elm on a sore throat. Upon trying mastic gum, I found out that I was allergic wow, that was a bad 24 hours for my mouth and tongue! How do you navigate this? I will take some of your advice and use it gladly. Saint Barthelemy Uruguay Five simple steps to control your blood pressure. 8. I also found glycine to be a good stomach soother and taken at night can help you sleep more soundly. A general recommendation in capsule/tablet form is a dosage of about 1,600 milligrams daily, taken in 23 divided doses. I now even feel better n stronger Im 46 guess time for change. Normally I do not have any food sensitivities but learning with the gastritis I can NOT tolerate bell peppers (was horribly sick from those the other night) and tomatoes also bother me. 2004-2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. If you are trying slippery elm to nourish your digestive system, drink it in tea form, or try this comforting gut-healing pumpkin porridge. An ND has a doctorate in pure biochemistry, and in my opinion are unmatched when it comes to figuring out labs and gut issues. https://www.jdmoyer.com/2019/01/15/no-more-fish-oil/. The Iroquois were known to scrape the bark of the slippery elm tree to treat infections, swollen glands and conditions affecting the eyes. If possible, speak with an herbalist or nutritionist for help finding what works for you. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Complementary Medicine / Alternative Medicine, https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/the-facts-about-high-blood-pressure/five-simple-steps-to-control-your-blood-pressure, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4204705/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6065514/, https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/sore-throat.html, https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults/treatment, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265058434_Slippery_Elm_its_Biochemistry_and_use_as_a_Complementary_and_Alternative_Treatment_for_Laryngeal_Irritation. However, scientists have called for additional research to understand the correct dosage, effectiveness, and safety of slippery elm. If your dog has a burn, boil or oozing skin infection, apply slippery elm to the affected area. The SE tree ia medium-sized tree that can reach well over 50 feet in height and is topped by spreading branches that form an open crown. This powder can also be added to your tea while brewing. El Salvador Slippery elm works good at coating your insides(which can help UC), which is why meds don't get absorbed properly. Slippery elm trees, identified by their slippery inner bark, may live to be 200 years old. This is timely for meand sounds so familiar. banana and strawberry But the sharp pain is mostly gone, and at this point I feel like I have my life back. Sint Maarten However, most evidence of its effectiveness in treating these types of conditions has been anecdotal. If I need to, I take one in the afternoon. Take 1-2 tablespoons of slippery elm bark powder in a glass of water after meals and before bedtime. A low acid diet may be particularly helpful for reflux/GERD. The instructions say to take 4 capsules 3 times a day but I only take one first thing in the morning and one before bed. in economics, and received her master's in elementary education from Mary Baldwin College. Pills? Things finally seem under control and Im tapering off. In terms of herbal tea, fennel seed and chamomile are both soothing and safe for long-term use. Please see my most recent post on this topic, and I hope you heal up quickly! and our Ulmus rubra, commonly known as slippery elm or moose elm, is a deciduous red tree native to North America and Canada. The five psoriasis cases, ranging from mild to severe at the study onset, improved on all measured outcomes over a six-month period, demonstrating that SE makes a great addition to any psoriasis diet treatment. I have IBS-M. It was also consumed as a tea and was used to treat sore throats. There are many ways you can incorporate SE into your diet. That, plus 400mg slippery elm right before bed, and I could usually sleep through the night without any stomach pain. Posts : 4691. Ill write a long detailed post about all this at some point, but might as well get the info out there now. Were you extremely tired and anxious when you had this? Good luck everybody , Edit: Forgot to add that I take the slippery elm in powder form. I have learned a lot reading your blog. I faced this issue 4 years ago for the first time after an extremely stressful period. 9. Ive gained back the weight and muscle I lost, I can eat most foods, I can exercise strenuously, and I can work for fairly long stretches without being distracted by stomach pain. Wish me luck in my continued healing process! SjT. Ginger and turmeric both reduce acid secretion and can be soothing, but I don't think they're ideal remedies because they inhibit COX2, which is important for stomach protection. Togo High levels of stress can irritate the stomach in two ways, both via cortisol: There are many more supplements and cures that I tried. Cook Islands The subjects were asked to follow a dietary protocol that includeda diet of fresh fruits and vegetables, small amounts of protein from fish and fowl, fiber supplements, olive oil, and avoidance of red meat, processed foods and refined carbohydrates. Guam I had FIVE DAYS IN A ROW where I did not get a single IBS symptom. Here are some of the most common uses and forms: If making SE tea at home (see below) use about 23 teaspoons of powder per one-cup serving. Is slippery elm a laxative? MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Northern Mariana Islands There is limited evidence that slippery elm can help ease symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), such as diarrhea and constipation. There is some evidence that suggests that slippery elm may help to reduce inflammation in the digestive tract, which can help to improve digestive symptoms. I take one drop full in the morning and before bed. Libya Madagascar Myanmar How can I clear my bowels every morning? While the cause of psoriasis is still unknown8, research concludes that a disruption in immune function plays a role9. My doctor didnt think I had ulcers, since I had no signs of bleeding, my appetite was reasonably good, and no severe nausea or vomiting. The first week still came with its difficult moments, but I could feel that the slippery elm drink gave my tummy some relief from the nighttime nausea I always feel. Tried slippery elm for sore throat. Japan The idea was to modify my gut biome with the garlic and s. boulardii. Slippery elm is likely safe if taken as directed. Its the inner bark thats most often dried and powdered to be used for medicinal purposes, since it creates a lubricating substance when mixed with water. It can be added in with your dog's food to help relieve GI distress. In one study, when IBS sufferers were given a mixture containing slippery elm, they experienced a reduction in the severity of symptoms2 like diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, and bloating. I have tried zinc carnosine in the past and felt that helped too, but it wasnt suggested for this protocol. I hope you have a swift recovery! Hoping Ill be able to tolerate them in the future but first I must concentrate on repairing this inflamed stomach lining! This has definitely reduced my digestive system distress. for just 50-60 cents a capsule, which isnt too bad, and I take it about 5 days out of every 7. There currently is no cure for psoriasis, and therefore it is a skin disorder that must be managed. Advocates of slippery elm also claim it can ease many of the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Im recovering, slowly, but this is one of the tougher health challenges Ive faced. Just started today. Palestinian Territory The things that I am doing which I believe help are; The Last Crucible is moving, memorable & magical" - John Derek, Country 1. At the end of the study researchers found that participants experienced clinically meaningful reductions in weight and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Lesotho While more evidence is needed to support this claim, the demulcent effect of the mucilage, when taken orally through tea or tincture, could calm the irritation and inflammation brought on by bladder infection and UTIs. I was ok when sitting, laying in bed or sleeping. (fish oil, turmeric, etc.). I also stopped drinking anything for about an hour and a half after Id had a meal even drinking water seemed to upset the delicate balance my digestion was trying to accomplish. Standard doses. I tried taking slippery elm only just before bedtime as I didn't take any meds at all during the night but it didn't do well enough for me to continue. Venezuela I started taking two chewable DGL (deglycyrrhizinated licorice) tablets twenty minutes before each meal to help soothe and protect my stomach lining. My stomach lining is far from 100% recovered. Ivory Coast Egypt Niger Im not sure if this helped or not, but some research supports the use of mastic gum for reducing stomach pain, healing ulcers, and fighting h. pylori infection. Georgia Erythritol: Is This Healthy Sweetener the Real Deal? Because it is itself so nutritious, there is . 11 votes, 27 comments. Kyrgyzstan I gradually reduced my omeprazole dose to 5mg (a quarter of a pill), taken thirty minutes before dinner, in a vitamin gel capsule to partially serve the function of the enteric coating. Svalbard and Jan Mayen Laura, thanks for sharing the journey. Seychelles Another thing that works for me is Bee Propolis powder, it soothes my stomach incredibly well. I interviewed her on the phone for about 15 minutes to make sure she was familiar with treating my issues. Montserrat Luckily I didnt have pain issue or maybe my pain threshold is high but it was very uncomfortable for me especially when I was standing or walking. South Korea Germany The Ultrasound Specialist told me that there is extreme gas in my abdomen. Not only does this help most people, but it can actually give much relief to your dog too. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. I take my meds in the morning and slippery elm at night. It is best to take slippery elm during the day, and preferably with food. Add the slippery elm bark powder and stir well. Hi Eric. I increased my vitamin/mineral intake, especially vitamin C (buffered, as calcium ascorbate), vitamin A, vitamin D, a high quality multi-vitamin, and zinc carnosine. One tea spoon of Manuka honey after the water, Our online classes and training programs allow you to learn from experts from anywhere in the world. I don't think it would matter if you leave hours between the two. She diagnosed gastritis (inflammation/irritation of the stomach) and recommended a two-week course of omeprazole (a proton pump inhibitor that reduces stomach acid). SE has also been shown in certain studies to treat diarrhea and diverticulitis. Greece I try using it only once a day. The food was all greens and fish, walnuts, coconut oil, no other meat or sugar. United Arab Emirates Transfer to a plate and continue until all honey is used. It seemed to had immediate soothing effects in tea form. Stress is injuring many parts of our body and unfortunately it is part of our lives. The study called for more scientific evidence to back up the claims made by these companies. Through trial and error, Ive discovered the vitamin/mineral/herb supplements I was taking that made my GERD worse, and stopped taking them, or found variants of them that I dont react to. Yemen Montenegro I was a diet coke guy and had weight issues due to unhealthy eating. Here are a few recipes to try: Does slippery elm have side effects? Because it contains compounds called phenolics, SE may act as a natural free radical scavenger and fighter of oxidative stress. Instead, a person should follow the recommendations of the American Heart Association (AHA) and lower their blood pressure by: Learn how to lower blood pressure safely and naturally here. Some may have helped a little, while others may have slowed down my healing process. Tuvalu Plant phenolics also seem to help protect against pathogens due to their natural antifungal effects. In this article, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. 5 Reasons to Add Lamb Meat to Your Diet, Diarrhea (in humans and pets): treatment by ingestion of capsules, tablets, tea, tincture and extracts, Cough (humans and cats): treatment by lozenges, tea, tincture, and extracts, Constipation (pets, especially cats): treatment by powder or extract added to food. Tokelau While there are no reported serious side effects, more research is needed to explore the efficacy and safety of slippery elm, given that there is still unsubstantiated evidence to support its use. Heard Island and McDonald Islands Cayman Islands If you want to get creative in the kitchen, you can also make your own lozenge! My son is currently in remission and he takes slippery elm before bed. Prepare the gelatin. She is also an instructor at barReVA, a local barre studio in Richmond. While it may seem intimidating at first, counting macros is a common Erythritol is now one of the most popular natural zero-calorie sweeteners available. Ive tried niacinamide, copper-rich foods, and a few other things, but I still have plenty of gray hair. Slippery elm can cause stomach upset, diarrhea, and gas, and can also interfere with other medications. Papua New Guinea Eritrea Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) Mauritania The wood . If this hadnt worked, how would you approach that discussion with your doctor? In addition to mucilage, research demonstrates that SE contains antioxidants and antimicrobial agents, making it a great remedy for wounds, burns, boils, psoriasis and other external skin conditions triggered by inflammation. United Kingdom 2009 - 2023 MindBodyGreen LLC. Taiwan Unfortunately last night I ordered some food and the streak got broken because of trigger contamination, but I wasn't as sick as I would usually be and I am hopeful to get back to a no-IBS streak after some more days of slippery elm. Add to blender. It is not certain whether slippery elm is effective in treating any medical condition. French Southern Territories I tried to reduce stress by doing things I enjoy, not taking on too many extra responsibilities, and meditating more. Lower levels of linoleic acid in adipose tissue are also associated with higher ulcer risk. United States Minor Outlying Islands Palau Slovenia Poland Nepal It did develop a vase shape similar to American elm, but the small branches and twigs remained erect rather than drooping, resulting in a less graceful symmetry.
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