The instructor should consider that the student may neither believe nor understand any point without the use of testimony from SMEs or without meaningful examples, statistics, or comparisons. By using a lecture in this way, the instructor can offer students with varied backgrounds a common understanding of essential principles and facts. For example, eligibility, knowledge, proficiency, and experience requirements for pilots and AMT students are stipulated in the regulations, and the standards are published in the applicable PTS or oral and practical tests (O&Ps). discussions provide the student with increased exposure to proper decision-making, From the description of guided discussion, it is obvious this method works best in a group situation, but it can be modified for an interactive one-on-one learning situation. Provisions for logging training time can be incorporated so the syllabus could also serve as the training record for the student, instructor, or school. To be a teacher implies one has completed some type of formal training, has specialized knowledge, has been certified or validated in some way, and adheres to a set of standards of performance. Efforts in this area pay great dividends in terms of quality of instruction. He also made sure the computer and projector were in working order. For example, in concluding a discussion on density altitude, an instructor might give a fairly complete description of an accident which occurred due to a pilot attempting to take off in an overloaded airplane from a short runway at a high-altitude airport on a hot day, The summary should be succinct, but not incomplete. Effective case studies require the student to use critical thinking skills, An excellent source of real-world case studies for flight instructors can be found at the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) where descriptions of more than 140,000 aviation accidents are located. Poorly organized information is of little or no value to the student because it cannot be readily understood or remembered, An effective conclusion retraces the important elements of the lesson and relates them to the objective. Understanding these distinctions helps the instructor become a more skilled user of questions, The instructor often uses a question to open up an area for discussion. While developing the lesson, the instructor also should strongly consider the use of examples and personal experiences related to the subject of the lesson, After completing the preliminary planning and writing of the lesson plan, the instructor should rehearse the lecture to build self-confidence. A reverse question is a question asked by a learner and the instructor returns the question to the same learner for response. The desired learning outcomes should stem from the objective, Conduct adequate research to become familiar with the topic. [Figure 4-14] The popularity of simulation games that provide players with complex situations and opportunities to learn have drawn educators into the gaming field as they seek interactive educational games that help students retain subject matter learning, The advantages of simulation/role-playing games come as the student learns new information, develops skills, connects and manipulates information. The student may then conduct a review of questions missed, Some of the more advanced CAL applications allow students to progress through a series of interactive segments where the presentation varies as a result of their responses. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by; list all ssis packages in ssisdb catalog a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. nira rodeo standings 2021 10, Jun, 2022. country mart warsaw, mo weekly ad; Since aids are normally used in conjunction with a verbal presentation, words on the aid should be kept to a minimum. Predictions are that more and more learning will take place via e-learning, E-learning is now used for training at many different levels. As training becomes more detailed and complex, instructor-oriented materials can be a valuable instructional aid for aviation instructors. Aviation-related learning centers are usually associated with colleges, universities, and research centers. In its basic form, CAL is a combination of more than one instructional media, such as audio, text, graphics, and video (or film) usually shown on a PC, With CAL, the roles of both student and instructor change. There are three stages of action. Perhaps the most significant characteristic of group learning is that it continually requires active participation of the student in the learning process, In spite of its advantages, success with cooperative or group learning depends on conditions and controls. Research indicates that students completing cooperative learning group tasks tend to have higher test scores, higher self-esteem, improved social skills, and greater comprehension of the subjects they are studying. This change is measurable and therefore can be assessed, Assessment of learning is a complex process and it is important to be clear about the purposes of the assessment. [Figure 4-17], In practice, the choice of instructional aids depends on several factors. If it is a classroom presentation, the student may be asked to explain the new material. They also tend to watch movies or TV in a passive way without attempting to absorb what they are seeing and hearing. In the teaching lecture, the instructor must develop a keen perception for subtle responses from the classfacial expressions, manner of taking notes, and apparent interest or disinterest in the lesson. There are several points at which assessments can be made: before training, during training, and after training. Use flight deck technology in a safe and appropriate way, Be confident in a wide variety of flight situations, and, The teaching process organizes the material an instructor wishes to teach in such a way that the learner understands what is being taught. Similarly, the instructor can prepare the prediscussion assignment more effectively while conducting research for the classroom period. The instructor then shares the NTSBs determination of probable cause: "The pilots inadequate decision to continue VFR flight into IMC conditions, which resulted in a loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion" which can lead to further discussions of how to avoid this type of accident. In the conclusion the instructor should tie together the various points or topics discussed, and show the relationships between the facts brought forth and the practical application of these facts. On the other hand, CAL is a useful tool for aviation instructors. The instructor should set up and adjust the equipment and lighting beforehand and then preview the presentation. If necessary, a public address system can be used to amplify the speakers voice. It normally includes statements of objectives, descriptions of teaching aids, definitions of assessment criteria, and indications of desired outcome, A determination of objectives and standards is necessary before any important instruction can be presented. When using this method, instructors should keep their own discussion to a minimum since the goal is student participation, Instructors can also use another form of discussion, the guided discussion method, to ensure the student has correctly received and interpreted subject information, The guided discussion method relies on student possession of a level of knowledge about the topic to be discussed, either through reading prior to class or a short lecture to set up the topic to be discussed. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. Copyright 2023 CFI Notebook, All rights reserved. [Figure 4-3] And, finally, a training course outline within a curriculum is the content of a particular course. All members of the group should follow the discussion. A relay question is asked by a learner and the instructor requests another student to respond, Questions are so much a part of teaching that they are often taken for granted. An experienced instructors knowledge and skill regarding methods of instruction may be compared to a maintenance technicians toolbox. A model is a copy of a real object. Normally, aviation training aspires to a level of learning at the application level or higher, Standards are closely tied to objectives since they include a description of the desired knowledge, behavior, or skill stated in specific terms, along with conditions and criteria. 1 shows the conceptual model of an instructor's work during an SBT session, following the design of our simulator concept. The introduction consists of three elements: attention, motivation, and overview. However, use of standardized materials, including a syllabus, is recommended. The capability to stop, freeze, and replay information is helpful for both instructors and students. It also may be difficult to find good programs for certain subject areas, and the expense associated with the equipment, software, and facilities must be considered. In addition to the necessary steps, the instructor should describe the end result of these efforts. Fig. Meaningful transition from one main point to another keeps the students oriented, aware of where they have been, and where they are going. Consequently, the student learns faster and more accurately, and the instructor saves time in the process, The use of any instructional aid must be planned, based on its ability to support a specific point in a lesson. The human mind rarely retains, evaluates, and applies new concepts or practices after a single exposure. When the instructor points to each part of the model while explaining these relationships, the students can better understand the mechanical principles involved. February 15, 2022 a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. Revisions and alterations are easier to make at that time than after their completion. Care must be taken to display only a small amount of material and to make the material as simple but meaningful as possible, Numerous other useful print items may be considered as supplemental training aids. If they are not written, they become subject to the fallibility of recall, interpretation, or loss of specificity with time, Performance-based objectives consist of three elements: description of the skill or behavior, conditions, and criteria. By using "how" and "why" follow-up questions, the instructor should be able to guide the discussion toward the objective of helping students understand the subject, When it appears the students have discussed the ideas that support this particular part of the lesson, the instructor should summarize what the students have accomplished using an interim summary. By being actively engaged in discussing the lecture, students improve their recall and ability to use the information in the future, It is important for the instructor to play the part of guide, keeping the discussion focused on the subject matter. SBT is a powerful tool because the future is unpredictable and there is no way to train a pilot for every combination of events that may happen in the future, Should promote situational awareness and opportunities for decision-making, Collaboration (two or more people working together) to solve problems has been used throughout time. As little extraneous activity as possible should be included in the demonstration if students are to clearly understand the instructor is accurately performing the actions previously explained. The instructor may use an overhead question to pose the lead-off question. All aviation instructors shoulder an enormous responsibility because their students will ultimately be flying, servicing, or repairing aircraft, but flight instructors have the additional responsibilities of evaluating student pilots and making a decision of when they are ready to solo. | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Sitemap | Patreon | Contact, Aviation Instructors Handbook (4-1) The Teaching Process, Teaching methods will depend on the teaching style of the instructor and the learning style of the student, By using a combination of teaching methods (lecture, group learning, and discussion) and instructional aids (audio/visual and handouts), Bob achieves his instructional objective, which is for the students to learn how to compute weight and balance. Colors, when used, should provide clear contrast and easily be visible, The usefulness of aids can be improved by proper sequencing to build on previous learning. If the student wishes to repeat a section or a portion of the section, it can be done at any time merely by clicking on the appropriate icon, In teaching aviation students, CAL programs can be used by the instructor as another type of reference for students to study. On the other hand, poorly constructed long sentences are difficult to follow and can easily become tangled. The informal lecture includes active student participation. An effective instructor uses a combination of teaching methods as well as instructional aids to achieve this goal. Blocks for instructor endorsements also may be included at appropriate points. For the effective instructor, these skills are reflected in the ability to plan, organize, and carry out a lesson. It is important that students be given an opportunity to perform the skill as soon as possible after a demonstration. A wireless mouse can be used to activate the slide changes from anywhere in the room, Another convenient and cost effective instructional aid is the overhead transparency and projector. For example, once the instructor decides how the student will accomplish the objective, most of the work that determines the elements of the lesson and the schedule of events has been done. This is necessary to be certain a student is on track with the training syllabus. Throughout the time the instructor prepares the students for their discussion, they should be made aware of the lesson objective(s). Students can answer the second question by merely saying "Denver," but the first question is likely to start a discussion of air density, engine efficiency, and the effect of temperature on performance, It is the instructors responsibility to help students prepare themselves for the discussion. Because the exact words to express an idea are spontaneous, the lecture is more personalized than one that is read or spoken from memory, Since the instructor talks directly to the students, their reactions can be readily observed, and adjustments can be made based on their responses. End users of the aircraft, such as the major airlines, can purchase the training materials with the aircraft in order to accomplish both initial and recurrent training of their personnel. Charts, diagrams, and graphs are also in this category. The instructor acts as a facilitator to encourage discussion between students, In the guided discussion, learning is achieved through the skillful use of questions. It is important to remember that a training delivery method is rarely used by itself. Computer-based training also can be designed so the progress of the student can be tracked and documented. Because improper pilot decisions cause a significant percentage of all accidents and the majority of fatal accidents in light single- and twin-engine aircraft, SBT challenges the student or transitioning pilot with a variety of flight scenarios with the goal of reducing accidents. In a guided discussion, the instructor guides the discussion with the goal of reinforcing a learning objective related to the lesson. Networking with and observing other instructors to learn new strategies is also helpful. Professional instructors should not limit their objectives to meeting only the published requirements for pilot or AMT certification, Instructional objectives should also extend beyond those listed in official publications. Through doing, students learn to follow correct procedures and to reach established standards. This review and wrap-up of ideas reinforces student learning and improves the retention of what has been learned. Whether working as an individual instructor or employed by a flight or maintenance school, the instructor must ensure that each student accomplishes a number of important benchmarks. These slide shows can be only bulleted information or incorporate animation and video clips. Generally, the syllabus contains a description of each lesson, including objectives and completion standards. The instructor needs to keep up with the discussion and know when to intervene with questions or redirect the groups focus. Some educators believe that television and the film industry have produced a visual culture that has actually changed the way people learn, Passive video, or video that the student watches like a movie, provide motion, color, sound, and in many cases, special effects with advanced graphic and animation techniques. While it is important to provide hands-on tasks in the lesson plan to engage students in active learning, it is also important to ensure the tasks are completed safely and correctly, In Chapter 2, The Learning Process, learning was defined as "a change in the behavior of the learner as a result of experience. Errors in grammar and vulgarisms detract from an instructors dignity and insult the intelligence of the students, If the subject matter includes technical terms, the instructor should clearly define each one so that no student is in doubt about its meaning. In this way, the students are encouraged to make contributions that supplement the lecture. A typical system consists of a CD or DVD and a computer. The introduction should include an attention element, a motivation element, and an overview of key points. Effective instructors relate well to people. The pilot continued into the instrument conditions for about 30 minutes before asking Atlanta Approach Control for directions to the nearest airport for landing. With searchand-find features incorporated, a CD or DVD is a powerful information source. In this case, the responsible instructor needs to establish procedures to make sure the required training is accomplished, since he or she must certify student competency at the end of the course, Models, mock-ups, and cut-aways are additional instructional aids. Manage and monitor all flight systems and electrical in-flight . E-learning can be as basic as an online college course taken via e-mail or as sophisticated as refining flight techniques in a helicopter simulator, Time flexible, cost competitive, learner centered, easily updated, accessible anytime, and anywhere, e-learning has many advantages that make it a popular addition to the field of education. Effective instructors also display enthusiasm for their subject matter and express themselves clearly. The introduction should be free of stories, jokes, or incidents that do not help the students focus their attention on the lesson objective. Juni 2022; Beitrags-Kategorie: xrp fee calculator; Beitrags-Kommentare: . Since it has been documented that students learn more effectively when actively involved in the learning process, SBT is also used to train AMTs, The aviation instructor is the key to successful SBT and the overall learning objective in this method of training delivery is for the student to be more ready to exercise sound judgment and make good decisions. Remember, the computer has no way of knowing when a student is having difficulty, and it will always be the responsibility of the instructor to provide monitoring and oversight of student progress and to intervene when necessary, Real interactivity with CAL means the student is fully engaged with the instruction by doing something meaningful which makes the subject of study come alive. The primary consideration in the lecture method, as in all other teaching methods, is the achievement of desired learning outcomes. Finally, although the overhead projector is simple to operate and requires little maintenance, it has disadvantages. Consider the continued expansion of technical terminology in everyday usage. They learn by applying what they have been told and shown. The flight instructor serves as the link between dreaming of a career in the sky and becoming a skilled pilot. This allows the student to make decisions that fit his or her experience level and result in positive outcomes. In many cases, this type of supplemental training media may be reproduced in a format for projection on a screen or other clear surface, Charts, diagrams, and graphs include any printed material which gives information in tabular form. A major shortcoming of test preparation materials is that the emphasis is on rote learning, which is the lowest of all levels of learning, Test preparation materials, as well as instructors, that dwell on teaching the test are shortchanging student applicants. In other words, they must mean the same thing to any knowledgeable reader. Keep in mind that it takes time to recall data, determine how to answer, or to think of an example, The more difficult the question, the more time the students need to answer. A clear, concise presentation of the objective and the key ideas gives the students a road map of the route to be followed. In order to present the lesson on weight and balance, Bob has taken the theoretical information presented in previous chaptersconcepts and principles pertinent to human behavior, how people learn, and effective communicationinto the classroom. Consequently, the objective normally is stated at the understanding level of learning. An effective instructor possesses a strong motivation to teach, as well as a positive attitude toward learning. Aids that involve learning a physical skill should guide students toward mastery of the skill or task specified in the lesson objective, Instructional aids have no value in the learning process if they cannot be heard or seen. The steps in Figure 4-6 form a guideline for lesson presentation. Regardless of the teaching or training delivery method used, the teaching process remains the same. When relationships are presented visually, they often are much easier to understand. This, coupled with culturally diverse backgrounds of todays students, makes it necessary for instructors to be precise in their choice of terminology. research. The instructor must determine the method to be used in developing the subject matter. As sources for access to information expand, the possibilities for distance learning increases, While e-learning has many training advantages, it also has limitations which can include the lack of peer interaction and personal feedback, depending on what method of e-learning is used. For example, technology flight training devices and flight simulators are used by everyone from flight schools to major airlines, as well as the military. This type of summary is one of the most effective tools available to the instructor. The following practices are fundamental in the use of the chalk or marker board: Keep chalk, markers, erasers, cleaning cloths, rulers, and related items readily available to avoid interruption of the presentation, Organize and practice the chalk or marker board presentation in advance, Write or draw large enough for everyone in the group to see, Leave a margin around the material and sufficient space between lines of copy so the board is not overcrowded, Make only one point at a time. [Figure 4-5] The FAA frequently reviews the test items in an attempt to maintain their validity in the current aviation environment. With this arrangement, each point leads logically to and serves as a reminder of the next. When using CAL, the instructor should remain actively involved with the students by using close supervision, questions, examinations, quizzes, or guided discussions on the subject matter to constantly assess student progress, Simulation (the appearance of real life), role-playing (playing a specific role in the context of a real world situation), and video gaming have taken e-learning in new directions. Many of them can be combined during the actual presentation. The software may include additional features such as image banks with full color photos and graphics, as well as questions or directions which are programmed to create interactivity for students as they progress through the course, The questions or directions are programmed using a branching technique, which provides several possible courses of action for the user to choose in order to move from one sequence to another.
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