(Its weight was reported as 2,080lb (940kg) in 1904. [34], The Pass and Stow bell was first termed "the Liberty Bell" in the New York Anti-Slavery Society's journal, Anti-Slavery Record. Christ Church claimed an exclusive priviledge of ringing the bells on Washington's Birthday, as that was the church Washington was affiliated with while he lived in Philadelphia. After that, the city refused any more requests of that kind. It traveled the country with its clapper chained to its side, silent until women won the right to vote. Transcontinental telephone service was in effect so the bell was struck three times with the mallet, a sound which was heard on the West coast. That bell is currently in storage. It was 4 a.m. July 14, 1915, when the bell, mounted on an open-top train car, arrived here on its way to the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco. The episode would be used to good account in later stories of the bell;[9] in 1893, former President Benjamin Harrison, speaking as the bell passed through Indianapolis, stated, "This old bell was made in England, but it had to be re-cast in America before it was attuned to proclaim the right of self-government and the equal rights of men. Rauch, along with several other boys were asked whether they wanted to ring the Bell in honor of Washington's Birthday. Today is a day of triple celebrations in New Orleans, being Liberty Bell day in honor of the visit of that famous relic of revolutionary times; Orange day in honor of one of Louisiana's principle products; and Shell Fish day to commemorate the fact that Louisiana is rapidly forging to the front as a producer of shell fish . The Anti-Slavery Record, an abolitionist publication, first referred to the bell as the Liberty Bell in 1835, but that name was not widely adopted until years later. [sic]"[22] The bell was rung in 1760 to mark the accession of George III to the throne. [33], The most common story about the cracking of the bell is that it happened when the bell was rung upon the 1835 death of the Chief Justice of the United States, John Marshall. Look carefully and you'll see over 40 drill bit marks in that wide "crack". The Assembly permitted nearby St. Paul's Church to use the bell to announce worship until their church building was completed and their own bell installed. , [78] Rizzo's view prevailed, and the bell was moved to a glass-and-steel Liberty Bell Pavilion, about 200 yards (180m) from its old home at Independence Hall, as the Bicentennial year began. READ MORE. [99][112][113] A large outline of the bell hangs over the right-field bleachers at Citizens Bank Park, home of the Philadelphia Phillies baseball team, and is illuminated and swings back and forth and a bell sound is played whenever one of their players hits a home run or if the Phillies win that game. where did the liberty bell travel to in 1915. In 1751, with a bell tower being built in the Pennsylvania State House, civic authorities sought a bell of better quality that could be heard at a greater distance in the rapidly expanding city. The name "Liberty Bell" or "Liberty Belle" is commonly used for commercial purposes, and has denoted brands and business names ranging from a life insurance company to a Montana escort service. Philada where did the liberty bell travel to in 1915. why did treat williams leave chicago fire; portland homeless camp cleanup; where did the liberty bell travel to in 1915 Admission is FREE. The first such proposal was withdrawn in 1958, after considerable public protest. After several hours, Taco Bell admitted that it was an April Fools' Day joke. Movements from Women's Suffrage to Civil Rights embraced the Liberty Bell for both protest and celebration. [11] In 1958, the foundry (then trading under the name Mears and Stainbank Foundry) had offered to recast the bell, and was told by the Park Service that neither it nor the public wanted the crack removed. The Liberty Bell Center offers a video presentation and exhibits about the Liberty Bell, focusing on its origins and its modern day role as an international icon of freedom. The final picture was discovered in the 1970s by a worker for the city of Lima, Ohio, who found boxes of old photos during demolition of abandoned buildings, including this photo of the Bell's stop there in Lima. It was the Bell's final rail journey. The Public Ledger newspaper reported that the repair failed when another fissure developed. But do you know what note the bell strikes, or when it was last rung? Norris wrote to Charles that the bell was in good order, but they had not yet sounded it, as they were building a clock for the State House's tower. The city finally decided to let it go as the bell had never been west of St. Louis, and it was a chance to bring it to millions who might never see it otherwise. The Liberty Bell was recorded. XXV X where did the liberty bell travel to in 1915. fao schwarz build a coaster; nike revolution 6 big kids' road running shoes; responsible travelers are likely to quizlet; Blog Post Title February 26, 2018. While there is no contemporary account of Liberty Bell ringing, most authorities agree that it was among the bells that rang. In San Francisco, a replica bell was struck and the sound transmitted across the country to Philadelphia. [93] The GPS address is 526 Market Street. A newspaper article from 1914 claims the Bell cracked on this occasion. It had several scheduled stops before it reached the west coast. The bell was ready in March 1753, and Norris reported that the lettering (that included the founders' names and the year) was even clearer on the new bell than on the old. [35] In 1839, Boston's Friends of Liberty, another abolitionist group, titled their journal The Liberty Bell. [59]) When, in 1912, the organizers of the PanamaPacific International Exposition requested the bell for the 1915 fair in San Francisco, the city was reluctant to let it travel again. The purpose of this campaign, as Vice President Alben Barkley put it, was to make the country "so strong that no one can impose ruthless, godless ideologies on us". The rotten steeple didn't allow it. Texas's bell is located inside the Academic Building on the campus of Texas A&M University in College Station. The two lines of text around the top of the bell include the inscription of liberty, and information about who ordered the bell (Pennsylvania Assembly) and why (to go in their State House): more information on current conditions Plan your visit to the Liberty Bell Center, "The Liberty Bell: From Obscurity to Icon". The Bell was brought down from the steeple and placed in "Declaration Chamber" of Independence Hall. Avenge The Ancestors Coalition protests prior to the opening of the new Liberty Bell Center, demanding a marking in the pavement 5 feet from the entranceway the location of slave quarters President Washington had built. [48] While the Liberty Bell did not go to the Exposition, a great many Exposition visitors came to visit it, and its image was ubiquitous at the Exposition groundsmyriad souvenirs were sold bearing its image or shape, and state pavilions contained replicas of the bell made of substances ranging from stone to tobacco. [38] The story was widely reprinted and closely linked the Liberty Bell to the Declaration of Independence in the public mind. . Bell that serves as a symbol of American independence and liberty, Interactive map pinpointing the bell's location, Park Service administration (1948present). This was an important day because it was the first . It pealed to announce the Battle of Lexington and Concord. Laurie Olin, "Giving Form to a Creation StoryThe Remaking of Independence Mall," in Rodolphe el-Khoury, ed., Stephan Salisbury & Inga Saffron, "Echoes of Slavery at Liberty Bell Site,". Due to security concerns following an attack on the bell by a visitor with a hammer in 2001, the bell is hung out of easy reach of visitors, who are no longer allowed to touch it, and all visitors undergo a security screening. It was rung throughout the year to call students of the University of Pennsylvania to classes at nearby Philosophical Hall. Instead, in 1973, the Park Service proposed to build a smaller glass pavilion for the bell at the north end of Independence Mall, between Arch and Race Streets. Bell traveled to Atlanta for the Cotton States and Atlantic Exposition Exposition. The inscription of liberty on the State House bell (now known as the Liberty Bell) went unnoticed during the Revolutionary War. New Orleans Times Picayune, November 19, 1915 A DAY OF CELEBRATIONS. In 1962, the Liberty Bell Museum was erected in the basement of Zion United Church of Christ in Allentown, Pennsylvania, where the Liberty Bell was successfully hidden for nine months from September 1777 until June 1778 during the British Army's occupation of the colonial capital of Philadelphia. The Liberty Bell's inscription is from the Bible (King James version): "Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land Unto All the Inhabitants thereof." Visitors exit from the south end of the building, near Chestnut Street. Bell traveled to Boston to take part in a celebration of the Battle of Bunker Hill. It also rang to call students at the University of Pennsylvania to their classes at nearby Philosophical Hall. Perhaps that is part of its almost mystical appeal. The Bell was brought back to Philadelphia but not rehung. [68] In the early days of World War II, it was feared that the bell might be in danger from saboteurs or enemy bombing, and city officials considered moving the bell to Fort Knox, to be stored with the nation's gold reserves. Plans are considered for development of the mall area, which includes moving the Liberty Bell closer to Independence Hall. [81], In 1995, the Park Service began preliminary work on a redesign of Independence Mall. The bells were to be displayed and rung on patriotic occasions. When the bell was struck, it did not break, but the sound produced was described by one hearer as like two coal scuttles being banged together. "[46], In 1876, Philadelphia city officials discussed what role the bell should play in the nation's Centennial festivities. Stow, on the other hand, was only four years out of his apprenticeship as a brass founder. Both efforts failed. Its most famous tolling, however, was on July 8, 1776, when it . No one recorded when or why the Liberty Bell first cracked, but the most likely explanation is that a narrow split developed in the early 1840s after nearly 90 years of hard use. The bell was hidden in the basement of the Zion Reformed Church in Allentown (where you can visit today). Major Downing sent the boys on their way. [99] Although Wisconsin's bell is now at its state capitol, initially it was sited on the grounds of the state's Girls Detention Center. Their "Justice Bell" traveled across Pennsylvania in 1915 to encourage support for women's voting rights legislation. When Robert F. Kennedy visited the city in 1962, followed by his brother John F. Kennedy in June 1963, both drew a parallel between the Liberty Bell and the new Freedom Bell. The Bell rings, and I must go among the Grave ones, and talk Politiks. On March 10th Norris again wrote Agent Charles. [52] In early 1885, the city agreed to let it travel to New Orleans for the World Cotton Centennial exposition. Philadelphia The Bell was sent from England on the ship Hibernia, captained by William Child. [18], Dissatisfied with the bell, Norris instructed Charles to order a second one, and see if Lester and Pack would take back the first bell and credit the value of the metal towards the bill. [102] Its first use on a circulating coin was on the reverse side of the Franklin half dollar, struck between 1948 and 1963. It was then shipped to Germany and installed in the tower of West Berlin's city hall. The Liberty Bell was displayed on that pedestal for the next quarter-century, surmounted by an eagle (originally sculpted, later stuffed). Other claims regarding the crack in the bell include stories that it was damaged while welcoming Lafayette on his return to the United States in 1824, that it cracked announcing the passing of the British Catholic Relief Act 1829, and that some boys had been invited to ring the bell, and inadvertently damaged it. Long-believed to have cracked while tolling for John Marshall, who had died while in Philadelphia. The nation's most precious revolutionary relic went on its . Rung to celebrate the Catholic Emancipation Act. The Philadelphia Public Ledger takes up the story in its February 26, 1846 publication: Some historians believe that a squabble over money led to this final crack. It hangs from what is believed to be its original yoke, made from American elm. [106] The Liberty Bell was chosen for the stamp design theme because the symbol was most representative of the nation's independence. The bell was used as a symbol of freedom during the Cold War and was a popular site for protests in the 1960s. Tours of the State Capitol building were first offered to the public in 1915. 0. where did the liberty bell travel to in 1915. On July 8, 1776, the Liberty Bell rang out from the tower of the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia. The Liberty Bell's inscription is from the Bible (King James version): "Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land Unto All the Inhabitants thereof." [24] According to John C. Paige, who wrote a historical study of the bell for the National Park Service, "We do not know whether or not the steeple was still strong enough to permit the State House bell to ring on this day. The debate was played out in the newspapers. Two years later, in another work of that society, the journal Liberty featured an image of the bell as its frontispiece, with the words "Proclaim Liberty". The new Whitechapel bell was hung in a cupola on the State House roof, attached to the State House clocks. [30] When Pennsylvania, having no further use for its State House, proposed to tear it down and sell the land for building lots, the City of Philadelphia purchased the land, together with the building, including the bell, for $70,000, equal to $1,117,667 today. Some historians believe that the inscription was meant as a commemoration and celebration of Penn's extraordinary 1701 Charter of Privileges, which put legislative power in the hands of the Assembly and took it from William Penn and the Proprietorship (those supporting the Penn family). While Independence Hall stood anchored in Philadelphia, its most famous artifact, the Liberty Bell, traveled the nation and became a more timeless, inspirational symbol. Bells could be melted down and recast into cannon. The Bell was given to Wisconsin by France in 1950 as part of a savings bond drive. Tolled at the death of Alexander Hamilton. William Penn issued the Charter of Privileges, which many historians believe was being celebrated 50 years later with the ordering of what would become the Liberty Bell. [95] Although the crack in the bell appears to end at the abbreviation "Philada" in the last line of the inscription, that is merely the widened crack, filed out during the 19th century to allow the bell to ring. In a 1915 agreement, the family agreed to keep the bell on loan as long as it hung in Independence Hall. The Public Ledger newspaper reported that the repair failed when another fissure developed. The State House bell became a herald of liberty in the 19th century. The Liberty Bell 7 was pulled from a depth of 15,000 feet -- 3,000 feet deeper than the Titanic. Don't ask me whether or not the liberty Bell sounds like a bell, because I shall tell you 'It does not.'" [63] It is estimated that nearly two million kissed it at the fair, with an uncounted number viewing it. took a recording equipment to Independence Hall, Philadelphia, and made a record of the Taps of the Liberty Bell (tapping being done by Mayor Smith of Philadelphia) which were transmitted by wire to San Francisco, Cal., as the official opening signal of the Pan American Exposition. [87] Archaeologists excavating the LBC's intended site uncovered remnants of the 17901800 executive mansion that were reburied. Abolitionists, women's suffrage advocates and Civil Rights leaders took inspiration from the inscription on this bell. [115], On April 1, 1996, Taco Bell announced via ads and press releases that it had purchased the Liberty Bell and changed its name to the Taco Liberty Bell. Large crowds mobbed the bell at each stop. It tolled in honor of King George III ascending the throne. The bell acquired its distinctive large crack sometime in the early 19th centurya widespread story claims it cracked while ringing after the death of Chief Justice John Marshall in 1835. Beginning in the late 1800s, the Liberty Bell traveled across the country for display at expositions and fairs, stopping in towns small and large along the way. On this day in 1915 the Liberty Bell Arrived in San Francisco following a cross-country trip from Philadelphia. David Kimball, in his book compiled for the National Park Service, suggests that it most likely cracked sometime between 1841 and 1845, either on the Fourth of July or on Washington's Birthday. [14] In 1975, the Winterthur Museum conducted an analysis of the metal in the bell, and concluded that "a series of errors made in the construction, reconstruction, and second reconstruction of the Bell resulted in a brittle bell that barely missed being broken up for scrap". The foundry told the protesters that it would be glad to replace the bellso long as it was returned in the original packaging. The Liberty Bell was hidden in Allentown for nine months until its June 27, 1778 return to Philadelphia [19] Dissatisfied with the bell, Norris instructed Charles to order a second one, and see if Lester and Pack would take back the first bell and credit the value of the metal towards the bill. [29], Placed on an upper floor of the State House, the bell was rung in the early years of independence on the Fourth of July and on Washington's Birthday, as well as on Election Day to remind voters to hand in their ballots. [21], Despite the legends that have grown up about the Liberty Bell, it did not ring on July 4, 1776 (at least not for any reason connected with independence) since no public announcement was made of the Declaration of Independence until four days later, on July 8, 1776. Packaging Material Supply. Or, perhaps, the fiftieth anniversary of the Charter was simply a coincidence. [27] Bells were also rung to celebrate the first anniversary of Independence on July 4, 1777.[24]. In fact, in 1837, the bell was depicted in an anti-slavery publicationuncracked. Millions of Americans became familiar with the bell in popular culture through George Lippard's 1847 fictional story "Ring, Grandfather, Ring", when the bell came to symbolize pride in a new nation. At this time the Assembly resolved that Captain Ayres of the Polly would neither be allowed to land nor bring his tea to the custom house. In December, Wilbank's bell took the place of the old State House Bell, and the Liberty Bell was moved to a different part of the new tower. By train, the bell traveled over 10,000 miles and made stops in thirteen states, including Pennsylvania, Ohio, Missouri, Nebraska, Wyoming, Idaho, Washington, and Oregon before reaching California. Today, it resides at the Liberty Bell Center in Philadelphia, where it is occasionally tapped to mark special occasions. [114] This bell outline replaced one at the Phillies' former home, Veterans Stadium. No one living today has heard the bell ring freely with its clapper, but computer modeling provides some clues into the sound of the Liberty Bell. The steeple had been built in March of 1753 by Edmund Woolley, a member of Philadelphia's Carpenters' Company, and the master-builder who had overseen the construction of the State House. The cost of the bell including insurance and shipping was 150 Pounds 13 shillings 8 pence. PA It used to be in the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall). It responded by purchasing the building and yard from the state for $70,000. [82] City planner Edmund Bacon, who had overseen the mall's design in the 1950s, saw preservation of the vista of Independence Hall as essential. Ultimately it was decided to press the Liberty Bell into service and discontinue paying for patriotism. [36], A great part of the modern image of the bell as a relic of the proclamation of American independence was forged by writer George Lippard. The Bell was used as a frontispiece to an 1837 edition of Liberty, published by the New York Anti-Slavery Society. [32], It is uncertain how the bell came to be cracked; the damage occurred sometime between 1817 and 1846. Displayed at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. ; ; Post author: Post published: June 23, 2022 Post category: assorted ornament by ashland assorted ornament by ashland Enthusiastic Philadelphians welcomed the Bell back upon its return to Philadelphia. The Bell arrived. Yet other historians pointedly note that Norris himself was known for his opposition to the Penn family (perhaps explaining why Pennsylvania is spelled "Pensylvania" on the bell). Categories . This verse refers to the "Jubilee", or the instructions to the Israelites to return property and free slaves every 50 years. It seems they had added too much copper to the detriment of the tone of the bell. It was reported in the New York Mercury that "Last Week was raised and fix'd in the Statehouse Steeple, the new great Bell, cast here by Pass and Stow, weighing 2080 lbs. Again, the story was written nearly 100 years after the event. The Meaning "Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land Unto All the Inhabitants thereof," the bell's inscription, provided a rallying cry for abolitionists wishing to end slavery. Today, we call that building Independence Hall. Benjamin Franklin wrote to Catherine Ray in 1755, "Adieu, the Bell rings, and I must go among the Grave ones and talk Politicks." The new Liberty Bell Center, costing $12.6 million, is opened to the public. [53] In 1893, it was sent to Chicago's World Columbian Exposition to be the centerpiece of the state's exhibit in the Pennsylvania Building. The bell became famous after an 1847 short story claimed that an aged bellringer rang it on July 4, 1776, upon hearing of the Second Continental Congress's vote for independence. v X. The bell weighed 2,080 lbs. Tradition holds that the Liberty Bell rang out this day. D-Day: The Bell tapped with rubber mallet twelve times by Philadelphia Mayor Bernard Samuel during a national radio program to symbolize "Independence." This bell had the same legend as the Liberty Bell, with two added words, "establish justice", words taken from the Preamble to the United States Constitution. Bells tolled throughout the city on that day. In 1846, when the city decided to repair the bell prior to George Washington's birthday holiday (February 23), metal workers widened the thin crack to prevent its farther spread and restore the tone of the bell using a technique called "stop drilling". After the war, abolitionists seeking to end slavery in America were inspired by the bell's message. It was an impressive looking object, 12 feet in circumference around the lip with a 44-pound clapper. Norris suggested returning the metal from the Bell to England to be recast. By Order of the ASSEMBLY of the Province of PENSYLVANIA for the State House in PhiladA The Liberty Bell on its national tour, during a stop in Loma Linda, on Nov, 15, 1915. Speaker of the Pennsylvania Assembly Isaac Norris first ordered a bell for the bell tower in 1751 from the Whitechapel Foundry in London. [62] Some five million Americans saw the bell on its train journey west. where did the liberty bell travel to in 1915. Newspaper editorials across the country weighed in on the pros and cons about moving the Bell. It also had the clapper chained to the bell so it could not sound, symbolizing the inability of women, lacking the vote, to influence political events. Originally forged in London for delivery to Philadelphia in 1752, it broke upon. This was Colonial America's grandest public building and would be home to the Liberty Bell. "Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land Unto All the Inhabitants thereof," the bell's inscription, provided a rallying cry for abolitionists wishing to end slavery. [55] Philadelphians began to cool to the idea of sending it to other cities when it returned from Chicago bearing a new crack, and each new proposed journey met with increasing opposition. It was noted that the steeple in the State House was in need of repair. Philadelphia complied, and so the world's most famous symbol of liberty began its one and only tour of the nation. It tolled for a town meting whrein the citizens of Philadelphia pledged over 4,000 pounds in aid for the suffering residents of Boston. where did the liberty bell travel to in 1915 jordan peterson synchronicity where did the liberty bell travel to in 1915. polyester velvet fabric properties nanette packard marriages. [21] One of the earliest documented mentions of the bell's use is in a letter from Benjamin Franklin to Catherine Ray dated October 16, 1755: "Adieu. That spelling was used by Alexander Hamilton, a graduate of King's College (now Columbia University), in 1787 on the signature page of the Constitution of the United States. [4], Robert Charles dutifully ordered the bell from Thomas Lester of the London bellfounding firm of Lester and Pack (known subsequently as the Whitechapel Bell Foundry)[5] for the sum of 150 13s 8d,[6] (equivalent to 23,928 in 2021[7]) including freight to Philadelphia and insurance. Speaker of the Pennsylvania Assembly Isaac Norris chose this inscription for the State House bell in 1751, possibly to commemorate the 50th anniversary of William Penn's 1701 Charter of Privileges which granted religious liberties and political self-government to the people of Pennsylvania. The Bell was "muffled" and rung when ships carrying tax stamps sailed up the Delaware River. . Chicago tried again, with a petition signed by 3.4million schoolchildren, for the 1933 Century of Progress Exhibition and New York presented a petition to secure a visit from the bell for the 1939 New York World's Fair. No one living today has heard the bell ring freely with its clapper, but computer modeling provides some clues into the. [89] The Park Service refused to redesign the LBC building, or delay its construction. MDCCLIII. [73] In 1955, former residents of nations behind the Iron Curtain were allowed to tap the bell as a symbol of hope and encouragement to their compatriots. [79], During the Bicentennial, members of the Procrastinators' Club of America jokingly picketed the Whitechapel Bell Foundry with signs "We got a lemon" and "What about the warranty?" Some wanted to repair it so it could sound at the Centennial Exposition being held in Philadelphia, but the idea was not adopted; the bell's custodians concluded that it was unlikely that the metal could be made into a bell that would have a pleasant sound, and that the crack had become part of the bell's character. The Liberty Bell was secreted away from Philadelphia and taken to present-day Allentown, escorted by heavy guard and hidden on a hay wagon. The Liberty Bell, once known as the State House Bell, is one of the most iconic objects in American history. "[61] In February 1915, the bell was tapped gently with wooden mallets to produce sounds that were transmitted to the fair as the signal to open it, a transmission that also inaugurated transcontinental telephone service. He wrote yet again to Robert Charles, "We got our Bell new cast here and it has been used some time but tho some are of opinion it will do I Own I do not like it." 10. [99] Many of the bells today are sited near state capitol buildings. The Independence National Historical Park Advisory Committee proposed in 1969 that the bell be moved out of Independence Hall, as the building could not accommodate the millions expected to visit Philadelphia for the Bicentennial. [23][24][25] However, there is some chance that the poor condition of the State House bell tower prevented the bell from ringing. On September 1, 1752 Norris wrote the following to Assembly Representative Robert Charles: "The Bell is come ashore & in good order." This second crack, running from the abbreviation for "Philadelphia" up through the word "Liberty", silenced the bell forever. Pass and Stow charged slightly over 36 Pounds for their repair job. where did the liberty bell travel to in 1915. khata number survey number; bifocal contact lenses; where did the liberty bell travel to in 1915. XXV. Though they were inexperienced in bell casting, Pass had headed the Mount Holly Iron Foundry in neighboring New Jersey and came from Malta that had a tradition of bell casting. [101], The Liberty Bell appeared on a commemorative coin in 1926 to mark the sesquicentennial of American independence. Due to time constraints, only a small fraction of those wishing to pass by the coffin were able to; the lines to see the coffin were never less than 3 miles (4.8km) long. where did the liberty bell travel to in 1915. von | Jun 30, 2022 | what is ryan pace's salary | Jun 30, 2022 | what is ryan pace's salary In an 1835 piece, "The Liberty Bell", Philadelphians were castigated for not doing more for the abolitionist cause. [97], In addition to the replicas that are seen at Independence National Historical Park, early replicas of the Liberty Bell include the so-called Justice Bell or Women's Liberty Bell, commissioned in 1915 by suffragists to advocate for women's suffrage. Rung during the inauguration of John Adams. Philadelphia City Councils (there were two at the time) bought a new bell to be used for the clocks on the State House. Agent Robert Charles ordered a new bell from Whitechapel. In Biloxi, Mississippi, the former President of the Confederate States of America, Jefferson Davis came to the bell. MDCCLIII, At the time, "Pensylvania" was an accepted alternative spelling for "Pennsylvania." [44] At the time, Independence Hall was also used as a courthouse, and African-American newspapers pointed out the incongruity of housing a symbol of liberty in the same building in which federal judges were holding hearings under the Fugitive Slave Act.